Dramatic Literature The Tragic Hero - 1607 Words

The tragedy is one of the most common forms of dramatic literature in use today. In a general tragedy, the protagonist, known as the tragic hero, is driven towards their inevitable demise by a fault in their personality. This defect in character, or tragic flaw as it is most commonly known, leads the tragic hero towards a succession of poor decisions that affects not only the tragic hero, but those around them as well. The tragic flaw can come in a variety of forms, although the most common flaws include greed, lust, power, ambition, and obsession. It is important to understand that all tragic heroes possess free will; they voluntarily make the choices that lead to their defeat. Through their choices, the tragic hero’s flaw is conveyed to the reader. In longer works of literature, the tragic hero is usually required to be of royal or noble stature. However, in short stories, this may not always be necessary. In order for the tragedy to be tragic, the defeat of the trag ic hero must affect many, if not all, of the characters portrayed in the narrative. As longer works usually involve many characters, the tragic hero must be of high status in order for their downfall to be relevant to all other characters. Short stories, on the other hand, generally involve much fewer characters, so the tragic hero does not necessarily need to be noble to influence in their lives. Before their end, the tragic hero must undergo a moment of realization before they reach theirShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King, And Oedipus At Colonus1343 Words   |  6 Pages Oedipus, a play written by Sophocles, has become a staple in the study of a Tragic hero in classic literature. When this was written in the fifth century, theatre was more than a means of entertainment but almost a religious event. Robert Fagles goes even further by saying that†theatre was not only a religious festival; it was also an aspect of the city’s political life.† (Fagles) . Greek dramas were presented only twice a year during religious festivals that honored Dionysus, the god of winesRead MoreTragic Hero in Othelo by William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 Pagesconventions included tragic hero, fallacy, irony, and also suspense. A tragic hero is a male figure who is high in society and one who always has a tragic flaw. Most of them are rich and intelligent men. In the story of Othello, Othello is the tragic hero. He was a character of nobility. He was a high in class and had high standards. He was also the focal point of society. People looked up to him. He was more of a good man than an evil man, until the end of the play. Tragic Heroes have flaws thatRead MoreOedipus-a Tragic Hero706 Words   |  3 PagesRunning head: Oedipus-A Tragic Hero Research Paper ENGL 102: Literature and Composition) Fall 2015 Melinda Meeds L26683811 APA Outline Thesis: In Sophocles’ â€Å"Oedipus†, Oedipus is exemplified as a tragic hero according to Aristotle’s definition because his story appeals to the reader’s humanity in the way he maintains his strengths after inadvertently causing his own downfall. I. Oedipus A. The noble birth. B. Describe Oedipus’ character. II. Tragedy A. DescribeRead MoreEssay on Creon as the Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone997 Words   |  4 PagesCreon as the Tragic Hero of Sophocles Antigone   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Who is the true tragic hero in Sophocles Antigone?   This question has been the subject of a great debate for numerous years.   Equal arguments exist that portray Antigone as the tragic heroine in the play and Creon as the tragic hero.   Aristotle, in his study of Greek drama entitled Poetics, provided the framework that determines the tragic hero of a work.   Though Antigone definitely possesses the characteristics and qualities thatRead More Effective dramatic irony Essay815 Words   |  4 Pages Effective Dramatic Irony nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In Oedipus The King, Sophocles creates rising action by asking dramatic questions throughout the play. These questions generate suspense in the audience when they become dramatic irony and amplify the climax. During the falling action, Oedipus is engulfed in misery when he experiences a reversal of fortune. Finally, Oedipus goes through a discovery process ending when he discovers his tragic resolution. According to Aristotle, a tragedy consistRead MoreGreek Theater: Tragedy Essay941 Words   |  4 Pageson the dramatic performance (enactment) and not on the author telling the story (narrative). According to Aristotle tragedy stimulates the emotions and then purifies or purges it down, it is never created. On the other hand the tragic hero is a man of repute and prosperity who does not hold virtue or justice but undergoes a misfortune due to his own flaw (hamartia). The hero is basically a decent person, neither a villain nor a perfection model. Aristotle says A man cannot become a hero untilRead MoreAristoles View on Drama1347 Words   |  6 PagesPreamble Drama is an aspect of literature represented in performances and has been a part of the world for many decades. Drama originated in classical Greece around the fifth century B.C. The earliest performances took place in amphitheaters, which the Greeks invented to incorporate plays in their religious and civic festivals. These Greek festivals were huge theatrical events filled with three days of drama. The structure of the amphitheater allowed for an audience of thousands to observe theRead More Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman is A Modern Tragedy Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesArthur Millers Death of a Salesman is A Modern Tragedy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In the fourth century B.C., Aristotle set forth his description of dramatic tragedy, and for centuries after, tragedy continued to be defined by his basic observations. It was not until the modern age that playwrights began to deviate somewhat from the basic tenets of Aristotelian tragedy and, in doing so, began to create plays more recognizable to the common people and, thereby, less traditional. Even so, upon examinationRead MoreOedipus, A Tragic Hero1648 Words   |  7 PagesOedipus, a Tragic Hero Bob Livingston Liberty University â€Æ' Sophocles presented the world with Oedipus around 2500 years ago. Never-the-less, the story remains among the most riveting of all time. He was, in fact, a man that was driven by a very high internal moral standard. It was that internal moral standard that ultimately entwined him in a sequence of events and circumstances that placed him in the spousal relationship with his mother. Oedipus, in fact, can truly be regarded as a tragic hero as AristotleRead MoreThroughout History There Have Been Many Diverse Works Of1592 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing told. In feeling these emotions and witnessing the plight of the protagonists, the audience will gain knowledge from personifying these plights and reflecting into themselves. The tragedy of Oedipus exemplifies Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero in that his desire to seek the truth while having the lack of self-knowledge is a struggle that relates to an audience. Tragedy in a drama can reach the emotions of an audience by connecting to their personal experiences in life. â€Å"Tragedy often

Increasing Cost Of College Or University s Tuition

I. Introduction The increasing cost of college or university’s tuition is a concern that resonates with many people in today’s world. With the amount of money being spent on education, students want the least amount of complications while completing their education and are more select when choosing courses. This also includes the avoidance of incompetent or lackadaisical professors. A tool that can be used to potentially help students avoid this issue is available on the World Wide Web, the evaluation of faculty teaching by students (Otto et al., 2008). Student evaluation of teaching (SET) has come to be a very prominent measure of teaching effectiveness, and often, a major consideration for merit at most institutions of higher education (Otto et al., 2008). Students not only are able to obtain information on future professors, but the professors also can see how students are reviewing them. The most popular site for online faculty rating is RateMyProfessor.com (Otto et al., 2008). Stu dents can use this site to make decisions on what classes to take with what professor, based upon ratings on Rate My Professor. Is this site really depicting the right information about professors, or is it merely a review or a teacher’s personality? Rate My Professor isn t the only teacher-rating website, but it s by far the most popular, attracting an average of 3 million students a month and as many as 80 million page views at the height of registration periods (Otto et al., 2008). FromShow MoreRelatedIs College Still A Good Investment?958 Words   |  4 PagesIn Does College Still Pay, Lisa Barrow explores that even though the college tuition costs are increasing rapidly, is college still a good investment. Barrow states that college still worth wild and there is no evidence of a downward trend to students attending college due to increasing college tuition. Barrow also claims that by getting a bachelor s degree today, a college student can expect to regain all of their investments they have put towards their education within 10 years after graduationRead MoreRaising The Cost Of College Tuition1460 Words   |  6 PagesIncreasing College Tuition By: Amanda Beisner Specific Purpose Statement: To encourage my audience to consider multiple perspectives by providing my audience with information on the arguments for and against raising the cost of college tuition. Thesis: Thousands of colleges across the country have steadily increased tuition throughout the years and Colorado State University is no different. Today I will share with you both the perspective of those that believe tuition increases are necessary andRead MoreAnalysis Of The College Board s Trends On Higher Education Series1708 Words   |  7 PagesBaum, S., Ma, J., Payea, K. (2013). Education pays 2013. The College Board. This report is part of The College Board’s â€Å"Trends in Higher Education Series† that are published annually to provide evidence to policy makers to help aid in decision making. It includes comprehensive data and charts that show that higher education does pay off for graduates. The authors discuss the benefits of higher education both for the individual and for society as a whole. The benefits that are discussed inRead MoreThe Tuition Increase Affected Enrollment Rate1473 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Board of Ursinus College, raised its tuition from $19,331 to $23,460. This turned out to be a 17.6% increase. Surprisingly, the tuition increase proved to be a positive change for Ursinus College. The college received more than 200 applicants than its previous year (Brickley, Smith and Zimmerman, 2009, p. 110). Other regional institutions such as University of Notre Dame, Bryn Mawr College and Rice University also experienced a similar trend once they increased their t uition rates (Brickley, SmithRead MoreIs Post Secondary School Worth It?1405 Words   |  6 Pagesit is being beat by the rapidly increasing tuition costs. Everyday people make the decision whether it is worth paying for high college tuition when job wages are decreasing. However, since the wages of jobs are going down it is more important now that people receiving a degree from a college or university. Therefore they can be on the top of the pay range by having the advantage of getting a job over high school graduates. It is worth paying the high tuition cost because the end result after fortyRead MoreHigher Education At The United States Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pagesthe United States was introduced in 1636 when Harvard University first opened its doors. At the time, college was seen as an exclusive institution, typically reserved for the wealthy elite. In the 1600’s, a college degree was not necessary to get a decent job and make a living; therefore, there was not a hig h demand for it. Since then, public opinion and attitudes about higher education have changed significantly. In today’s job market, a college degree is a requirement for a majority of positionsRead MoreRising Cost Of Higher Education1345 Words   |  6 Pagesselected to write about the rising cost of higher education in the United States. In mass media we see discussions of how expensive it is for students to afford admission to a four-year college, student debt being higher than it ever has in previous years, and how these consequences make it difficult for graduating students to attain social mobility. As a student, it is within my best interest to discover the social factors that influence the cost of attaining a college degree. Many of my associates haveRead MoreTuition Free Public Colleges And Universities1619 Words   |  7 PagesTuition-Free Public Colleges and Universities: The Way to Go At the dawn of the twentieth-century, the movement that made a high school diploma widely available for every child in the United States, regardless of the income of their family, solidified America’s place as the home of the most educated workforce in the world, and helped to drive decades of economic prosperity. Now, nearly one-hundred years have passed, and other countries around the globe are catching up. In some cases, foreign nationsRead MoreWhy Should College Shouldn t Be Free?1375 Words   |  6 PagesUniversities used to be a privilege for most academic students to attend and it was very affordable, but currently the price per year to attend college has drastically increased. For instance, in the â€Å"1970’s the average cost was 10,000 dollars a year and today the average cost is 30,000 dollars a year† (CQ Researcher). This is a triple increase in the price per year to attend college. Allowing this increase on college tuition has impacted the studentâ €™s attendance rate. This is a significant financialRead MoreThe State Of The Wichita State University1103 Words   |  5 Pagesthe budget of universities in the state. With the cuts, universities in Kansas are forced to find income to replace the deplenishing government funds. Previous attempts to solve this problem have been made, such as raising tuition and the cost of programs. Students and parents alike are affected and concerned over the rapidly increasing cost of this hometown school. Students come to Wichita State University for not only the in-state tuition but also to get a quality degree. With tuition on a rise due

Backup of Order Joseph Campbell Order Free Essays

Joseph Campbell is an influential American writer of mythology and Comparative religion. He gained his worldwide fame with his books such as â€Å"The man with a thousand faces. † Written in (1948), which explored the archetype of the typical hero, â€Å"The Masks of God. We will write a custom essay sample on Backup of Order Joseph Campbell Order or any similar topic only for you Order Now † Written in (1959-1968) which was an examination of the complex mythological heritage as well as its implications for modern humanity. â€Å"Historical Atlas of world Mythology†(1989) his multi-volume novel which is in the early stages of human culture. His multiple theories were popular with the Public Broadcasting System series of television interviews with Bill Moyers. The interview was also published as a book, that became Joseph Campbell’s bestseller. He was born in New York City, to Charles and Josephine Campbell. As a child his father, Charles took him to the Buffalo’s Bill’s Wild West Show, and to The Museum of Natural History. At the age of twelve, Joseph read American Indian Folklore. In the Pocono Mountains in 1917, he met Elmer Gregor a writer about American Indians. Elmer Gregor, could communicate with Indian sign language becoming Joseph Campbell’s mentor and â€Å"guru. † Joseph Campbell found his interest in Mythology in College while working on his master’s degree. He received his M. A. in English and comparative English in 1927. He returned to Europe to study in Arthurian romances as a postgraduate at the universities of Munich and Paris. He discovered the many themes of the Arthurian tales seemed similar to the American Indian folklore. This work inspired him to study the authors Thomas Mann and James Joyce. These writers he regarded as a guide for their own interpretation of mythical material. Joseph Campbell was also inspired by the Order#31469486 Joseph Campbell Pg. 2 works of Jung. Joseph Campbell returned to the United States only to retire for five years at his home at Woodstock, New York, as well as Carmel, California. There he worked on putting together a guide of perceived myths such as the â€Å"The pictorial vocabulary of communication from the source zones of our energies to the rational consciouness. † He began teaching, in 1934, at Sarah Lawrence College in Bronxville, New York. He remained teaching at Sarah Lawrence for thirty-eight years. Joseph Campbell married in 1938, to Jean Erdman, who was one of his early students. Joseph Campbell was a guest lecturer at the Foreign Service Institution, from 1956 to 1973. He received the award of the National Arts Club of honor for literature. In 1987, he was elected to the Academy of Arts and letters. Joseph Campbell is mostly known for his book â€Å"The Power of Myth† which was first a popular PBS television program in 1985 and 1986. It was created at film directors George Lucas’ Ranch. His concept of the hero’s journey was the inspiration for George Lucas’ â€Å"Star Wars Trilogy. † In October, 31, 1987, Campbell died at the age of eighty-three after a brief illness. He lived in Hawaii, Honolulu. Joseph Campbell began his inspirational writing career like any other writer, as a literary critic. He co-wrote â€Å"The skeleton key to Finnegan’s Wake. † (1944). The book is a study of James Joyce’s novel â€Å"Finnegan’s Wake. † Campbell directed his attentions to the myths of all the religions examined in the terms of Jung concept of collective consciousness. His study popularized the important key discoveries and psychology of the Jungian teachings. Campbell argued that these worlds mythologies Order#31469486 Joseph Campbell Pg. 3 Ritual traditions, folk traditions, and the major religions all share symbolic themes, motifs and the patterns of behavior. His many theories inspired many writers such as Penitti Saarikoski, the Finnish Poet who penned the Tiarnia series. The Hero with a thousand faces written in (1948), is Joseph Campbell’s most inspirational work. It is a study of his theories of the journey of the Archetypical hero found in religion and mythology. Since its publication in (1948), it has consciously inspired many writers and artists worldwide. The best known is the writer George Lucas, of Star Wars fame. George Lucas has acknowledged a great debt to Joseph Campbell for his worldwide fame. The insight of the novel is the myths worldwide have survived for thousands of years, and all share a basic structure which is called monomyths. This basic structure includes stages such as: 1. A call to adventure- In which the hero is called to fight for a greater good which he can decline or accept. 2. A road of trials-, which determines if the hero succeeds, or fail in his adventure. 3. Achieving the goal- Resulting in the hero’s gaining self-knowledge during the adventure. 4. A return to the ordinary world- in which the hero will succeed or fail his journey. 5. The application of the boon- In which we find what the hero has gained to improve The world. These are classic examples of the monomyth as told by Joseph Campbell and several scholars such as Buddha, Moses, and Christ. Campbell also examines the basic structure of several other classic myths from other cultures. The book is Joseph Campbell offering several discussions of the hero’s journey using Freudian Order#31469486 Joseph Campbell Pg. 4 ideas, which were popular in 1940s and 1950s. He realized that the monomyth is not tied to the Freudian concepts. Joseph Campbell utilizes a mix of Jungian myth archetypes, unconscious forces, and Arnold Van Gennep’s. Arnold Van Gennep structures of the Rites of Passage provide some lucidity. However, the pattern of the hero’s journey inspires several writers, artists as well as intellectuals while suggesting a fundamental usefulness of Campbell’s examinations. It is often known as Joseph Campbell’s best work selling nearly million copies in various editions. In Myths to live by written in (1972) Joseph Campbell suggests that old myths should be replaced by new myths by drawing from the symbols in modern technology. It is a collection of essays by Joseph Campbell in 1958 to 1971. The basic theme is the power of the myth in the inner, spiritual lives of the human beings through the ages. It goes through the process of myth through the primitive past to the immediate present and returns to the source of it all possible myth- the creative mind. He examines the borders dividing the Earth and explains that they are shattered. He believes that the myth as well as many religions follows basic structured archetypes and are no longer exclusive to one person, region or religion. Joseph Campbell explains in his book that people must recognize their own common denominators and allow the knowledge to fulfill their human potential. The Power of Myth (1988) first began as a PBS documentary Series comprising of six one-hour conversations between Joseph Campbell and journalist Bill Moyers. The interviews between these men were conducted at George Lucas’ Ranch Order#31469486 Joseph Campbell Pg. 5 in the last summer of Campbell life. Both men discussed their ideas about comparative mythology and the role of myth in growing society. Episode one entitled â€Å"The hero’s journey†discusses Campbell and his hero types and deeds, Jesus Christ, the Buddha, Star Wars as a metaphor. The men also discussed the Iroquois story, the refusal of suitors, dragons, dreams, and the Jungian psychology concept, â€Å"The follow your bliss† concept, and spirituality vs. economics. Episode 2 entitled â€Å"The message of the myth. † The creation of myths, God vs. Nature, sin, morality, the Gospel of Thomas, Old time religion, computers, religion as â€Å"software,† the story of Indra, participation in society, transcending duality, and pairs of opposites. Episode 3 â€Å"The first storytellers† consists of animal memories, harmonizing with your body and life cycle, consciousness vs. its vehicle, the killing for food, crime increasing, and the Shaman as the center of the world. Episode 4 â€Å"Sacrifice and bliss† consists of the sacred Earth, agricultural renewal, human sacrifice, the sacrifice of the masses, transcendence of death, social dictates vs. following bliss, guiding hands. Episode 5 â€Å"Love and Goddess† consist of Joseph Campbell and Bill Moyers discussing the troubadours, Eros, romantic love, Tristan, libido vs. credo, separation of love, Satan, your loving enemy, the Crucifixion as an atonement, the Goddess, the myth of the Earth mother, the virgin birth, the Big Bang, and the story of Isis, Osiris, and Horus. Episode 6 â€Å"The masks of Eternity† Both men discuss and identify Order#31469486 Joseph Campbell Pg. 6 with the infinite, the circle as a symbol, clowns, masks, epiphanies, James Joyce, the sublime vs. the monstrous and the dance of Shiva. The companion book for The Power of myth series was also released in 1988. Joseph Campbell was the prime mover of the publication of the book as well as Jacqueline Kennedy. The book follows similar format of the PBS documentary providing further study and discussions. A Skeleton Key to Finnegan’s Wake written in (1944) Joseph Campbell and Henry Morton Robinson both worked on this literary criticism. It provides a great in depth analysis of James Joyce’s final novel Finnegan’s Wake. This book is considered by most scholars as the source of importance in studying James Joyce’s work. Campbell’s term Monomyth describes the hero’s journey in Finnegan’s Wake. The key to Finnegan’s Wake is the first book about Joyce’s Finnegan’s Wake. The book begins with an introduction by Joseph Campbell followed next with a brief synopsis of Finnegan’s Wake. The book deconstructs Joyce’s novel page by page. It strips the text of its unknown concepts while supplying possible interpretations through footnotes and referenced commentary. This way Campbell and Robinson attempt to re-tell the Wake in order to understand the book better. The technique is helpful, however renders Joyce’s scintillating writing as flat and dry. Several of Joyce’s meanings are sourly overlooked by Campbell and Robinson and have overturned by intensive study. Both men study the text in a mythopoetic angle in a refreshing way stating insights that has never been bested by anyone else. The book was published five years before he wrote his best-known book Order#31469486 Joseph Campbell Pg. 7 â€Å"Hero with a thousand faces. † Joseph Campbell has had his share of controversy in his life with people accusing him of anti-Semitism. His blunt criticism of certain various organized religions were the cause to which Joseph Campbell replied was his job as a mythologist. Scholars disagreed with the accusations of anti-Semitism believing the accusations to be unsupported by any evidence. Stephen Larsen and Robin Larsen fought the accusations by stating that Joseph Campbell would not be a part of any organization that would support racial or social supremacy. Joseph Campbell’s influence in Cinema, are well known. He has influenced many filmmakers, writers, and artists in all genre’s such as Science fiction westerns, and literature. They each use the mythology of the hero’s journey telling us about the values we must face in our life. -Works Cited- The Hero with a thousands faces: Commemorative Edition by Joseph Campbell Bollingen; Cmv edition (February 17, 2004) The Power of Myth by Joseph Campbell with Bill Moyers; Anchor; reissue edition 1988. www. kirjasto. sci. fi/campb. htm; Joseph Campbell- Books and Writers (1904-1987) www. biblo. com/authors/629/Joseph_Campbell_biography. html- Book search and marketplace, Joseph Campbell biography and list of works. www. themodernworld. com/Joyce/joyce_crit_3. html- James Joyce-Finnegan’s Wake. Joyce Criticism-The modern world. How to cite Backup of Order Joseph Campbell Order, Papers

Key Elements of National Framework Policy †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Key Elements of National Framework Policy? Answer: Introduction Child abuse is a problem that has surfaced worldwide for quite a long time. It is deeply rooted in social, economic and cultural practices. Children undergo various hazardous forms such as kidnap, neglect, forced employment, poor working conditions. Sexual abuse, physical and emotional abuse among other forms of abuse. Most children living in poverty are more predisposed to exploitation and child abuse. In Australia the rates of child abuse have been on the rise, this is according to a report by Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. This report indicated that reports of abuse had risen by 3% between 2011 to 2012.This report further reported that the 93% of children were in foster homes due to child abuse. The highest number of reported cases of abuse involved children below the age of five years (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2016). Due to the increased number of this statistics, the National Framework for Protecting Australias Children was established. National f ramework for protecting Australias Children (COAG) policy in Australia aims at ensuring that children in Australia are protected against any forms of exploitation or abuse. Statement of the policy where it requires the state, territory and Commonwealth government and the NGOs to corporate in protecting Australias children against abuse. An agreement to effect the national framework policy among the state, commonwealth, and territory organizations as well as non governmental organizations. A series of three-year action plans that outline the long-term approach in protecting Australians children (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2013). This policy contains enriched steps and procedure to ensure that children are protected across, the state, commonwealth and territory governments as well as the non-government organizations. Below are some of the procurers stipulated; Confidentiality of information gathere Addressing risk factors surrounding child abuse Circulating the workshop agenda to stakeholders Ensuring that disclosed abuse are exposed to the community. History of the COAG policy The National Framework for Protecting Australias Children was established on 30 April 2009. The Council of Australian Governments endorsed it after the reported increase in children who were being exposed and abused in Australia. The mission statement for the national framework was that it is everyones business to protect children. These governments in collaboration with non-government institutions in Australia worked together in developing a national approach whose aim was to eliminate the child exploitation and abuse in the nation. This national framework was planned to be established in a series of three-year action plans. This action plan was outlined in this manner. 2009-2012: The First Action Plan This was the first established plan by the state, commonwealth, territory government and the non-governmental sectors. It was the foundation of how the entire nation was going to improve the wellbeing and safety of the children. All the government sectors and non-government sectors planned to move on forward in unison in eradicating child abuse. There were more than 70 actions plans for the first three-year action plan (Australian and Council of Australian Governments, 2012). These actions were grouped into four major categories. The first category was the ongoing initiatives for children and their families. Secondly, the actions were grouped under national priorities; these were those proposed by the government on child protection. Thirdly, there was the category of social reform agendas, which stipulated the major reforms to be undertaken. Lastly, there were the community actions, which involved the society initiatives on the issue of child abuse. (Australia and Council of Australi an Government, 2010). The first three-year plan constituted of various achievements. The first achievement was transforming of young people from out-of-home care to independence. Secondly, the plan achieved working with children checks .thirdly; the plan was able to achieve offering support to those people taking care of the children. Fourthly, the plan was able to provide national standards for out-of-home facilities. Finally, yet importantly, there was an achievement in establishing of a national childrens commissioner in Australia. 2012-2015: The Second Action Plan. The second three-year plan began in 2012 and was completed in 2015. The major emphasis of this action plan was to establish partnerships locally with the diverse Australian communities. The main aim of this action was to create local solutions for every local community; this is the realization that a standard approach for all the communities did not respond well. Every community has different needs from another. Thus specific strategies are required. The government and non-government sectors set other strategies during this period. First, there was the early intervention to children lives. Secondly, collaborating with services such as mental health, drug and education and health services in assisting the abused children.In this plan, it worked towards strengthening the first plans achievement, in ensuring that children in Australia are safe in their growing up. At the end of the third year, there were four major achievements made by the action plan (Council of Australian Governments and Australia, 2012). First, there was the establishment of the Child Protection National Minimum Data Set.' Secondly, there was testing of Child Aware Approaches strategies that were responsible for developing partnerships with the governments and the non-government sectors. Thirdly, they achieved establishing the very first national report on the set standards for out of home care. Lastly, the action plan achieved transforming TILA (Transition to Independent Living Allowance). 2015-2018: The Third Action Plan. The territory, commonwealth, and state leaders endorsed this third action plan in 2015. The third plan presents a unique combination of measures. This includes putting more emphasis on child safety and early involvement in the childs life, and among Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal children. There are various strategies set out by this action plan. The first was organizations to respond in a better way to children and young people for their safety. The second strategy was early focus and intervention in the life of a child, preferably, the first 1000 days. The third strategy, assisting those young people in out of home care to ensure their safety as they grow into adulthood and become independent. Fourthly, the action plan has strategized to develop and establish child safe organizations. The last strategy aims to ensure that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities are offered better support to reduce the figures of children who need help among their families. This act ion plan is still in place, and its focus is on reporting and research as well as the Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal families (Australia, 2015). Responsibilities of the government in the policy The government of Australia is fully responsible for children protection from abuse or exploitation through this policy in Australia .the government leads to the establishment of this policy while closely working with other territories, states, and other non-governmental institutions. The main responsibility is to ensure that this policy is well stipulated and delivered and positive results are achieved. Another responsibility of the government is implementing reforms child protection legal systems. It has also been involved in engaging the non-government sectors into the policy to ensure, that every persona and body is involved in protecting children in Australia from abuse. Child protection policy The policy of National Framework for Protecting Australias Children fits well in Australia, due to the actual increase of child abuse in Australia. This nation has reported an increase, in the number of children undergoing exploitation every year, hence something needed to be done in the organization. The development of the national framework on child protection and safety is a bold move by the government in ensuring the protection of children and ensuring that the cases of child abuse reduce in Australia (Fighters against Child Abuse Australia, 2012). This policy aims at addressing and making changes to the abuse of children that is rampant among families in Australia. The main objective is to find solutions in curbing child abuse and ensure that the abused children get maximum support in recovering from the abuse. The policy aims at establishing and building child-care organizations, that will help to solve the assist the abused children and to ensure that effective measures are ta ken against those people or organizations found mistreating children. The policy problem According to a report by the Australian Institute of Health Welfare, there were more than 55000 reports of child abuse between the year 2007 and 2008.However, within the last ten years, Australia has reported a continuous increase in the number of children who are abused on a daily basis. Additionally, more reports of child neglect have been on the rise as well in this nation. This increase in the number of child abuse is accounted to the changing of social values in the society. In the past, child protection was needed only in the place of physical abuse. However, today there has been emotional abuse, sexual abuse, domestic violence and neglect to children and more protection to children needed. The drivers to increment in the child abuse in Australia can also be attributed the knowledge and increased awareness of the safety and protection of children, in addition to changing social values. The reason, why the number of children who are abused, remain not known, is that the society has not embraced the act of reporting child abuse. Most cases are realized after the death of the children. Thus, the national framework is faced with the problem of changing this fact. It is creating awareness to familiarize the community with child protection services. Furthermore, it is imposing necessary measures to reporting the child abuse among families in the society. For the community to adopt this policy, a lot of awareness needs to be done among the families in Australia. Assumptions underlying the problem There are various assumptions underlying child abuse in Australia. For instance, In Australia, child abuse was based on physical abuse in the past; this has been the assumption among some families. They believe that child abuse is only in the physical form, thus not considering neglect or emotional abuse to children. This assumption has seen an increase in cases of child abuse in emotionally. Secondly, there is the assumption of unreliability, where the society in Australia has always view children as unreliable witnesses. The assumption here is that children live in fantasy and most of the time their evidence may be biased and inaccurate. They view children as egocentric and believe they can invest a make-believe world (Spencer and Flin, 2008). This assumption has hindered the eradication of child abuse, as most of the time, the information may be considered inaccurate. This assumption has caused the law in Australia to indicate that it is dangerous to convict and make a judgment on a childs evidence. This assumption has led to many abusers go free, and children continue to suffer in silence. This creates a major hindrance in solving the problem of child abuse in Australia. Thirdly, there is an assumption on sexual abuse, where the attacker is always considered to have a mental health condition or to be sick. This assumption has led to victims, suffering in silence due to guilt and fear of shame. The language used by the society when it comes to child abuse is the main cause of continuous sexual abuse by close people to the family. The society needs to stop having the mind concepts that the victimizer is sick and not of sound mind. Again the language associating sexual abuse with shame should be dropped. This will enable that these children who are sexually abused can be able to speak it out without guilt, to seek help (Bromfield, 2012).lastly in Australia, there was the assumption that parents who were very sick or evil neglect children. They were first to generalize, this as a rear occurrence. Another assumption was born from this; the society assumed that having evil parents or very sick parents is rear. This has led to children suffering internally since many people consider neglect not to exist. However, on this assumptions, the society needs to acknowledge that they need to change their language and see things differently in light so that children can be protected from sexual abuse. Stakeholders involved in the policy. In the National Framework for Protecting Australias Children policy, it stipulates that everyone in the society should be responsible for protecting children against abuse and ensuring they have a good livelihood. The policy states that the responsibility belongs to all (Council of Australian Governments and Australia, 2013). Under this policy, the key people are outlined below. Territory and state governments These stakeholders are very crucial in identifying the child abuse among children and families. The state and territory government set up various initiatives to prevent child abuse in the society these initiatives include, for instance, early interventions into the life of the child. They also are responsible for funding and supporting the strategies set by non-governmental sectors. The state government is responsible for coming up with legal systems for child protection as well as delivering education and health services to the abused children. Furthermore, it has contributed to justice systems, which allow children to be witnesses in cases of abuse and seek protection. Lastly, the government is involved in conducting extensive research on child abuse and protection. The Australian government The Australian government is responsible for the provision of support to families in raising their children. This is majorly in financial income to the families. Furthermore, the Australian government provides a wide range of other services, such as employment, child and parents support, law system to families and Medicare services to disadvantaged families. It does not only support children when in home care facilities but provides monetary support to them when they start living independently. Non-government organizations These sectors contribute actively to child protection safety and ensure government services are offered on their behalf. They also take part in the establishment of programs and policies that help to identify child abuse activities and ensure the eradication of such concepts. The society The community plays a major role as stakeholders in this policy. The society is responsible for protecting the vulnerable members of the society from more abuse and offering emotional support to them. The community is also responsible for assisting families in raising their children properly without abuse. Parents Parents play a major role in bringing up their children well and ensuring that they do not undergo any form of abuse. They are responsible for making wise decisions on their children activities and ensure safety all the time. Young people and children Children have the role of reporting on any cases of abuse they encounter and seek help whenever it is required. Local government The local government ensures support to vulnerable families by providing infrastructures such a youth and family centers. This would ensure that vulnerable family is offered moral support in the centers. Corporate sector The business also plays a vital role in children safety. They may be involved in activities that promote the raising of children in friendly policies in the business such as taking children in skills-building seminars. The corporate sector is also involved in offering some financial assistance to support the vulnerable families. Lastly, corporate sectors, support the programs and initiatives set upon for child protection. Recommendations Child abuse can be looked at as the denial of the children rights as well. This may be a major issue facing children out there, where they do not go to school because the parents do not ant them to or the children are forced to attend a school that they do not like. This may cause the child to develop depression that may have significant effects on the child. Many children are born with different disabilities and may be added by being ridiculed by family members. This policy should consider developing measures to help those children who are abused based on the body formation or defects. The government should ensure that disability education centers are built for those children who continuously face abuse at home and parents do not take them to school. This policy leaves out the establishment of legal measures to any person, who is a suspect to child abuse or found guilty. The territory, state and local government as well the nongovernmental sectors, should develop strict measures to be given to the law system in Australia, stipulating on how such cases should be handled. The policy also overlooks the importance of the media in creating awareness in Australian on child safety. The government of Australia should consider child abuse a major disaster in the country, a measure to prevent the abuse of children. References. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2016). Young people in child protection and under youth justice supervision 2014-15. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, (2013). Scoping reportable measures for the National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009-2020: Supporting outcome 1: working paper. Australia., Council of Australian Governments. (2010). Annual report to the Council of Australian Governments: Protecting children is everyone's business: National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009-2020. Canberra: Dept. of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. Australia. (2015). Driving change intervening early: National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009-2020: third three-year action plan, 2015-2018. Australia., Council of Australian Governments. (2012). Protecting children is everyone's business: National framework for protecting Australia's children 2009-2020: ... three-year action plan. Canberra, A.C.T: Dept. of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. Bromfield, Leah. (2012). Child protection in Australia. (Child protection systems: an international comparison of "good practice examples" of five countries (Australia, Germany, Finland, Sweden, United Kingdom) with recommendations for Sweden, pp. 150-181.) Switzerland: The Swiss Project Fund for Child Protection. Council of Australian Governments., Australia. (2012). Protecting children is everyone's business: National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children: second three-year action plan 2012-2015. Canberra, A.C.T.: Dept. of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. Council of Australian Governments., Australia. (2013). Protecting children is everyone's business: National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009-2020: annual report to the Council of Australian Governments 2011-12. Canberra, A.C.T.: Dept. of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs.

Anne Sexton Essays (1316 words) - Guggenheim Fellows, Anne Sexton

Anne Sexton Anne Sexton The third decade of the twentieth century brought on more explicit writers than ever before, but none were as expressive as Anne Sexton. Her style of writing, her works, the image that she created, and the crazy life that she led are all prime examples of this. Known as one of the most confessional poets of her time, Anne Sexton was also one of the most criticized. She was known to use images of incest, adultery, and madness to reveal the depths of her deeply troubled life, which often brought on much controversy. Despite this, Anne went on to win many awards and go down as one of the best poets of all time. Anne Sexton was born Anne Gray Harvey on November 9, 1928 in Newton, Massachusetts to Ralph Churchill and Mary Gray Staples Harvey (Discovering Biographies 1). From then on, Sexton spent most of her life in the affluent, upper-middle class suburbs of Boston (Discovering Biographies 2). According to many of the experiences described in her poems, she led a very unhappy childhood thats horrifying memories affected her throughout her life. To overcome her troubles, she married at age nineteen and attempted to settle into the role of housewife and mother (Discovering Biographies 2). Shortly after her marriage, Anne enrolled in a modeling course at the Hart Agency and lived in San Francisco and Baltimore (Academy of American Poets 1). During this time Anne was also educated at Earland Junior College from 1947- 1948 (Twentieth Century American Literature 2). Through out her early twenties, Sexton began to experience bouts of depression that eventually led to hospitalization (Discovering Biographies 2). In 1955, after the birth of her second daughter, Sexton attempted suicide (Discovering Biographies 2). She was then placed under the care of Dr. Martin Orne, who encouraged her to write poems as a form of therapy (Discovering Biographies 1). Poetry gave me a rebirth at age twenty-nine (American Literature 3591), Anne quoted many times during her career. Anne deeply admired and attempted to emulate the confessional poem Hear ts Needle by Shodgrass (Discovering Biographies 2). Sexton decided to enroll in Robert Lowells graduate writing seminar at the Boston Center for Adult Education (Discovering Biographies 2). She then went on to be a scholar at the Radcliffe Institute for Independent Study from 1961- 1963 (American Literature 3596). During the nineteen-sixties, Anne gave spirited public readings accompanied by the music group, Her Kind (Discovering Biographies 1). Despite her literary success, Sexton continually battled depression and psychosis. She began writing extremely personal verse concerning her experiences as a mental patient (Discovering Biographies 1). The chronic mental illness that controlled Annes life was the anguished center of her familys life (Linda Sexton 1). Anne was extremely possessive of her daughter Linda and also confessed to having murderous impulses towards her (Linda Sexton 1). I made myself numb, made my body like stone in exchange for my mothers love Annes eldest daughter exclaimed (Linda Sexton 1). In 1974, Anne committed suicide using carbon monoxide (Discovering Biographies 2). Even though Anne led an extremely confusing life, she was said to have lived it as a treasury that would be remembered forever. Annes open style of writing was a very debatable issue. Some thought Sexton was one of the best known and most controversial of the confessional poets, a group composed of New England writers who rose to prominence in the nineteen-sixties (Contemporary Literary Criticism 311). While others believed as her notoriety grew, Sexton became unable to separate her life and her art (Litz 669). Sextons work offers the reader an intimate view of the emotional anguish that characterized her life (Academy of American Poets 1). Annes early poetry was said to be hopeful and joyful while it became much darker in her latter years (American Literature 3591). She was said to see poetry as a physical experience and she used imagery as the heart of poetry (Anne Sexton 1). Her favorite topics were sex, illegitimacy, guilt, madness, and suicide (Roth Publishing 1). Anne was often compared to Sylvia Plath but distinguishes herself from Plath in her interest in the flesh rather than in emblem of pain and mu tilation (American Literature 3596). Some people believed Annes style

Rashomon essays

Rashomon essays Rashomon by Akutagawa Ryunosuke takes place at the gate called Rashomon in Kyoto. The devastated city had no time to repair the rusting gate. It had become a dark place where unidentified corpses were abandoned. A servant that had gotten dismissed by his master sits on the steps in the pouring rain wondering if he should become a thief to make a living. He sees a fire by the top of the stairs so he sneaks up and looks. There is an old woman pulling hair out of the corpses. By the sight of this, he cannot hold in his anger, he pulls out his sword and pushes the old woman on the ground. She told him, making wigs with the hair was keeping her alive. After a little thinking, he pulls off her kimono and runs off deciding that he had to steal to eat. He abandons her naked on the stairs and disappears into the night. Character. There are two characters, the servant and the hag. The servant had served a samurai for a few years; however, due to the decline of Kyoto, was dismissed. The hag or old womans past is unknown, for the only information the reader has is that she is found pulling out hair from the corpses to make a wig. Both seem like real people with characteristics that are naturalistic. The servant shows his strength and social class with his sword and physical power. The hag has no class but represents the lower class that is striving to live. The characters action questions the reader about the relationship between human nature and inner self. The dichotomy of morality and immorality are correlated through the characters. The servant had decided not to steal before entering Rashomon holding up his morality, however after the hags speech about selling hair to survive, he changes. His morality disappears, as he reaches out for her kimono, sending him into the lower class equal to the hag . The hag is almost like a devil. The servant himself is transformed into one through their interaction. Selfishness is a theme s...

Police Excessive Use of Force Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Police Excessive Use of Force - Essay Example   Police brutality can be defined as â€Å"the excessive use of physical force, assault, verbal attacks, and threats by police officers and other law enforcement officers† (Police brutality. 2007). Police using force includes pushing, grabbing, kicking, or hitting a citizen. Hitting may be striking with the hand or with an object held in police officers hand. Police dogs biting a person, spraying with pepper spray or chemical, and pointing a firearm to a citizen also will come under police using force. The threat to use any of these forces will also be counted as using force. Whether the force used by the officer is â€Å"excessive† or not is defined according to the account of the victims. For female victims, any of the above-mentioned forces, even they are in small range, will be termed as â€Å"excessive’. On the other hand, male victims will have another scale for measuring the amount of force used by the police. This difference will occur in the case of r ace also. Cops enforcing law can be seen throughout the history. In the earlier times police forces have created an atmosphere of fear among the members of the society, and for subjugation and control, rough treatment was a regular occurrence. Both the Old Testament and the New Testament cite many examples of Egyptian, Roman and Israeli guards, who were an equivalent of policemen, inflicting violence mercilessly on the community. Things were not different in the nineteenth century America when Police forces were introduced for the first time there.   Marilynn S. Johnson, in her book, Street Justice: A History of Police Violence in New York City, speaks about â€Å"the routine bludgeoning of citizens by patrolmen armed with nightsticks or blackjacks† (Johnson 2004). With the increase of police forces and population, cases of police enforcement have increased tremendously by the end of the twentieth century. A survey conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics in US in 2001 , Contacts between police and Public, came out with the finding that â€Å"during 1999 approximately 422,000 persons age 16 or older were estimated to have had a contact in which police used or threatened to use force against them.† (Contact between police and public. 2001). Even though this much police brutality is taking place in the country, most of the cases do not sustain. A report issued by another

The Controversy of Ordination of Bill Johnson Essay

The Controversy of Ordination of Bill Johnson - Essay Example In my opinion, an ordination of Bill Johnson was controversial due to his open acknowledgment of the gay in the society despite his position in the church. During this time, the gay persons experienced utter marginalization because of lacking any acceptance in society. The gay was struggling for acceptance even in religious places like the church. A large number of gay individuals that come up during the gay parade was also controversial. This parade takes place in a church compound, a place that signifies purity and holiness. Another controversial feature evident during the ordination of Billy Johnson is the support by different seminary groups that he has served for twenty-five years drawing their reference from the birth of gay rights that occurred in the 1960s – 1970s (Gaustad & Schmidt 398). The youth groups of that particular church express their support by attending Billy’s ordination. To my opinion, this is an indication of the transformation of religion under influence of the young persons. Acceptance of homosexuality is driven by two factors, the religion, and young individuals. I feel that the young individuals are seeking for recognition despite the opposition they face in society. In addition, the young individuals represent other marginalized individuals that have no support to champion their acknowledgment. The church offers a suitable medium that shows expression of the marginalized in society. I feel that the acknowledgment of the gay persons pioneered by Bill Johnson is important to show the liberal nature of the church. Despite opposition from other institutions to recognize the gay individuals, the church under the influence of Bill Johnson expresses recognition of the gay to show that the church is not bound to any form of discrimination.

Learning Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Learning Theories - Essay Example Behaviorists like Ivan Pavlov (1936) and Skinner (1990) states that behavior is explained by environmental causes, rather than by internal forces. It also emphasizes that the environment influences human behavior. Whereas, the Social Learning theory, states that people learn through the observation of other people. According to Bandura, (1977, p22) 'Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasion s this coded information serves as a guide for action.' (1977, p22). On the other hand, Cognitive Learning theorist 'were concerned with cognition - the act or process of knowing.' (Smith, 1999). Researchers like Jean Piaget, while recognizing the contribution of environment, explored changes in internal cognitive structure. It explained that every human being is bound to these stages. This also tells us that learning depends on the level or stage that we are in. La stly, Humanistic approach to learning have explained that human beings as self-actualizing. The theory explains that people are bound to growth. In humanism, 'learning is student centered and personalized, and the educator's role is that of a facilitator. Affective and cognitive needs are key, and the goal is to develop self-actualized people in a cooperative, supportive environment.' (Huit, 2001) The famous theory of Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of needs (1954) identifies the needs of individual that needs to be considered in a learning environment. The hierarchy of needs is illustrated by a triangle in most references. The hierarchy are as follow: 1) Physiological: hunger, thirst, bodily comforts, etc.; 2) Safety/security: out of danger; 3) Belonginess and Love: affiliate with others, be accepted; and 4) Esteem: to achieve, be competent, gain approval and recognition. 5) Self-actualization: to find self-fulfillment and realize one's potential. According to Maslow, if an individual successfully fulfilled the needs, they will achieve self-actualization. Applied to a learning environment, a student should be able to satisfy his/her physiological needs in order for him/her to focus on learning a lesson. We can consider the physiological needs as food, clothing, shelter and the like. Imagine a student who has not eaten breakfast and came to school for his/her first class, the student may not be able to understand or comprehend his/her teacher if his/her stomach aching out of hunger. Once the physiological needs are in place and all right, Safety and security is next to be addressed, a student may consider his/her physical safety going to school. If the student feels that he/she is not secured in the school,

Tata Motors Significance Of ERP Automotive Sector

Tata Motors Significance Of ERP Automotive Sector Tata Motors Ltd. is a multinational company, based in Mumbai, India. It is part of the Tata Group, and formerly known as Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company. Tata Motors is the largest automobile company in India, with consolidated revenues of $ 20 million in 2009-10. Tata Motors is number one in commercial vehicles and among the best players in the sector of passenger vehicles. Tata Motors has produced compact cars, segments of mid-size vehicles and utility. The company is the largest manufacturer of heavy trucks in the fourth place, a global manufacturer of buses in the second place, and employs 50 000 (2010) workers. Since its launch in 1954, Tata Motors production is over 4 million vehicles, in India alone. When Tata Motors began manufacturing locomotives, they produced their first commercial vehicle in 1954. They were in collaboration with Daimler-Benz AG at that time, which ended in 1969. Tata Motors is traded on the Bombay Stock Exchange as well as on the New York Stock Exchange, its a dual listed company. Tata Motors in 2005, was placed along with the top 10 companies in India with an annual turnover of over 000 000 320 000 INR. In 2010, Brand Finance and The Economic Times conducted a survey on most valuable brand in India and Tata Motors tops the confidence to win the coveted title. Car factories and assembly plants of Tata Motors are located in Jamshedpur, Poone, Sanand, Ahmedhabad , Dharwad, Pantnagar and Lucknow in India and also in South Africa, Thailand and Argentina. Company profile Tata Motors Limited à  Ã‚ ¤Ã… ¸Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¾Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã… ¸Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¾ à  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ®Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã… ¸Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ °Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¥Ã‚ Ãƒ  Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¸ Type Public Industry Automotive Founded 1945 Founder Mr. JRD Tata C:UsersuserDocumentsCyberLinkDesktopJRD_Tata.jpg Headquarters Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Top Management Mr.Ratan Tata (Chairman) C:UsersuserDocumentsCyberLinkDesktopRatan_Tata_300.jpg Mr. Ravi Kant (Vice Chairman) C:UsersuserDocumentsCyberLinkDesktopRavi-Kant.jpg Products Automobiles Engines Parent Tata Group Website TataMotors.com Challenges Why Tata Motors needed to implement an ERP solution: Tata motors always aim for best quality, therefore for better data quality they want to implement latest available solution. To have real time access to the data management. Tata motors were experiencing difficulty to build a single location-independent integrated enterprising. Major challenges include coordination among 4 major plants located in different parts of India. They also have 42 Regional and Sales offices. To have inventory management system in over 27 spare parts warehouses To keep records of all major products, components, castings and forgings. Tata motors also have their research and development centers in Spain, South Korea and UK. To have employees management system with over 50,000 employees including 1,400 in-house engineers and scientists. To have real time supply chain management with 1200 spare parts dealer spread all over the country. Working Environment of Tata Motors: Database: Oracle Hardware: pre-dominantly IBM with smattering of HP and SUN Operating system : UNIX SAP SAP AG is a German software company worldwide, providing enterprise software applications and support for businesses of all sizes around the world. It is also the largest company in the world, providing ERP solutions. It has its headquarters in Walldorf, Germany, with regional offices worldwide. It is also the largest software company in Europe and fourth in the world. SAP Enterprise Resource Planning (SAP ERP) software from SAP and Business Objects are the most popular products. SAP was founded in June 1972 by five former IBM engineers in Mannheim, Baden-Wà ¼rttemberg (Dietmar Hopp, Klaus Tschira, Hans-Werner Hector, Hasso Plattner, and Wellenreuther Claus). It was formerly known as Systemanalyse und Programmentwicklung (System Analysis and Development). The acronym was later changed to represent Systeme, Anwendungen und Produkte in der Datenverarbeitung (Systems, Applications and Products in Data Processing). SAP ERP application was developed by SAP AG to guide the urgency of the big software company, and mid-sized organizations in all sectors and industries. This application provides among all the other benefits of open communication within the company and its functions. Advantages of SAP over other ERP solutions: SAP has multiple functionalities as compared to other ERP solutions. Market Leader in its segment. Package suited for Tata Motors. It had a readymade process for auto manufacturers therefore, customization requirement is less. Market share of SAP Implementation Objectives for SAP in TATA Motors: To improve revenue collection from sales To reduce application of efforts and increasing efficiency. To reduce cost by improvement in operations area. To increase productivity. To give timely and appropriate response to the customers. To downsize business processes across all manufacturing units. To develop platform for organization wide communication. Most importantly cost reduction in various departments. To have proper inventory management system to reduced inventory. To synchronize production scheduling with sales of product. Significant benefits achieved by Tata motors Because of SAP ERP Solution implementation, Tata Motors has experienced increase in productivity and cost control. Another benefit is in reduction of number of different application run on them as well as the no. of servers. Introduction of disaster recovery management done for one entity. Significant reduction in the number of non-value-added activities. With the implementation of SAP, a Business Process Reengineering was also initiated to achieve uniform process with all business users. There is an efficiency increase in inventory management and check over receivables and other credit control. Enterprise integration: SAP has created service platforms for IT, Human Resources and Financial Services. Due to this there has been reduction of almost 2 weeks time in financial consolidations. Because of SAP there is an integration with the vendors and the suppliers. SAP Solution has also helped Tata Motors to meet all their customers needs and service them better. And also now information is on real time basis, Tata motors are able to respond timely to their customers, vendors and suppliers demands. There will be better control on receivables and credit control. A single unified database Procurement process from various vendors will be automated. There is catalogue content management which helps in coordinating with suppliers. Streamline procurement process management among different locations worldwide. Among other significant benefits achieved by Tata Motors is that there is quick and live auctions for competitive pricing. Transparency in the process for supplies and payments status to suppliers through portal is achieved. It is helping Tata Motors with negotiation power because all data of the world can be made available to Tata Motors. Parts validation through spend control and analysis. Keeping records of daily billing (invoices), receivables, and sales. Future Plans Tata Motors after implementation of SAP ERP solutions became the greatest deployment in the automotive industry because of the considerate spread of functionality of TATA Group. They are a satisfied customer of SAP as claimed by SAP. Tata Motors and SAP ERP are keeping alongside each other of all the new developments and ensure that the applications they run commiserates with the SAP enhancements. Tata Motors would definitely choose SAP for their future plans of company enhancements. As mentioned above also, Tata Motors has been able to achieve a unified enterprise solution, an massive increase in productivity and also able to build a reliable, stronger and lifelong relationship with its customers, all because of the SAP ERP implementation. Thus, the company has not only retained its headship in India but has also been able to enlarge its footprint in the global automotive industry. Conclusion Therefore we can clearly say that SAP ERP solution has turned out to be success and profitable move for Tata Motors. Major areas of improvement are in inventory management, procurement management, resource planning, supply chain management, logistics and production scheduling in the operations department. In Finance module SAP ERP has helped in consolidation of general cost, credit control, day-to-day billing etc. In Human Resource Department they have implemented a uniform and single platform for over 50,000 employees. Overall all the departments and processes are integrated at all levels. Production employees could now work on real time basis as they have access to the data base of the company. They are also more closely controlled and approach able to updated processes across the manufacturing plants spread all over the world. For Tata Motors SAP setting up in the whole automotive industry worldwide has made possible connect and cooperate within themselves. Tata motors are aiming to enhance their business portfolio as they are planning to implement Sap application for all IT processes but leaving out Customer Relationship Management(CRM) and Product Life-cycle Management.(PLC). To improve Supply Chain Management solutions SAP is introducing The introduction of SAP Advanced Planning Optimization (SAP APO). Therefore to conclude we can say that the SAP infrastructure granted a strong IT infrastructure to support Tata Motors globalization plans.

In the Heart of the Sea Essay example -- essays research papers

In the Heart of the Sea What caused an 85 ton Sperm whale to crash into the side of the Essex, causing one of the most disastrous and tragic accidents in maritime history? Was this a calculated attack? Did it see the whaling ship as an unwanted rival in its territory? Did the crew of the Essex have anything to do with the whales’ sporadic behavior? Or was this simply an unexplainable act of nature’s unpredictability?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On November 20, 1820 the crew of the Essex spotted an unusual sight, an extremely large bull. The men estimated it to be about eighty-five feet long and weigh approximately eighty tons. However it was not only the large sight of the whale that alarmed the men, but it was its strange behavior. â€Å"Instead of fleeing in panic, it was floating quietly on the surface of the water, puffin occasionally through its blowhole, as if it were watching them. After spouting two or three times, the whale dove then surfaced about 35 yards from the ship (81).† After diving the whale began to do the unspeakable it began to charge the Essex, â€Å"Its twenty foot-wide tail pumped up and down slowly at first, with a slight side to side waggle, it picked up speed until the water crested around its massive barrel shaped head. It was aimed at the Essex’s port side (81).† Upon noticing that the whale was going to ram into the ship the captain gave the order to â⠂¬Å"pull the helm hard up† to prevent a direct hit however the order was given to late the whale it the shi...